Trích sách của FBT:
SESSION 8 BANK RECONCILIATIONS Learning Outcomes When you have completed this chapter, you should be able to:
· Prepare cash and bank accounts
· Prepare a bank reconciliation
Introduction Within the ledger account is a bank account ledger, and it is important that the balance in the ledger reconciles to the balance on the actual bank statement. We call this exercise a bank reconciliation.
Dependant on the size of the company, this can be done on a weekly or monthly basis, and in some larger companies even daily.
Preparing a bank reconciliation has many advantages. They include:
· Provides a check on accuracy of recordings in the cash book
· Highlights any errors
· Assists in the day to day cash management
· Any differences can be identified quickly
Debits and Credits On a bank statement the balances will be from the perspective of the bank not that of the business. Therefore, if a bank statement shows a credit balance, the bank has a creditor. In other words the bank owes the business money and is therefore in a positive position.
If the bank statement shows a debit balance this indicates the business is overdrawn. i.e. it is an asset from the bank’s point of view.
Reconciling Items It is extremely unlikely that the balance on the ledger account and the balance on the bank statement will agree. This can be due to the following reasons:
· Cheques issued by the company are immediately entered into the cash book, but they will not appear on the bank statement until they are presented to the bank. These are called unpresented cheques.
· Receipts by the business are immediately entered in the cash book and then banked. This can take a number of days to clear.
· There may be items in the bank statement that have not been processed through the cash book e.g. BACS transfer, standing orders, direct debits, dishonoured cheques and bank charges.
Proforma bank reconciliation Balance per bank statement
Less : Unpresented cheques
Add: Outstanding lodgements
Balance per cash book
Preparing a bank reconciliation 1. Compare the cash book and bank statement and tick matching items
2. Post corrections to the cash book i.e. items on the bank statement that have not been processed through the ledger
3. Put in items that are in the cash book that have yet to be presented to the bank as a reconciling item.